As the SIT uncovers skeletal remains at the sixth burial site, top forensic experts explain how bones can reveal age, sex, and cause of death, but only under specific conditions
Bengaluru: In a major development in the Dharmasthala mass burial case, skeletal remains have been discovered at location number six, a site identified by a key anonymous witness in the forested area near Netravati Ghat, Dakshina Kannada district. The remains have now been sent for forensic analysis, a move seen as pivotal in the ongoing probe led by the Special Investigation Team (SIT).
Bones sent for examination and DNA profiling
The skeletal remains were recovered yesterday and sent for forensic analysis, according to SIT officials. Speaking to the media, Dr. Varghese P.S., a noted forensic expert and Chief Medical Officer at St. John’s Medical College Hospital, said that examining bones for forensic details is a meticulous process that could take several weeks.
“The remains will undergo tests to determine age, gender, and potential cause of death. Following that, they’ll be sent to the Forensic Science Laboratory for DNA profiling, which depends on the condition and age of the bones,” said Dr. Varghese.
What skeletons can tell forensic experts?
Skeletons, especially well-preserved ones, offer a wealth of medico-legal information. Experts can determine age, gender, height, and sometimes the cause of death through forensic anthropology.
“Skulls and long bones provide clues. In younger skeletons, under 22 years, the analysis is more accurate. In elderly individuals, estimations are based on bone degeneration patterns,” said Dr. Varghese.
To identify a missing person, forensic teams often attempt to reconstruct the skull and superimpose it on a photograph of the presumed individual. However, DNA comparison with a biological relative is essential for confirmation.
Fractures, poison deposits can reveal the cause of death
Forensic experts emphasise that fractures, particularly skull fractures, can indicate trauma or injury as the cause of death. In certain cases, death by poisoning can also be inferred from chemical deposits in bones, depending on the type and concentration of toxins.
“Poison leaves behind detectable deposits in long bones and teeth, which can be chemically identified,” Dr. Varghese explained.
Limitations of skeletal evidence
While skeletal remains can yield key data, they also have limitations. For example, asphyxiation (suffocation) often leaves no trace on bones, making it nearly impossible to confirm from skeletal evidence alone.
“DNA extracted from jaw teeth and long bones, especially the femur, is vital. But skeletons in advanced decomposition lack soft tissues, making analysis more difficult,” noted Dr. Varghese.
Fresh skeletons yield more insights
Experts say fresher skeletons offer more definitive insights, whereas highly decomposed remains often lack tissue samples necessary for certain tests.
As the SIT continues to explore 13 burial locations cited by the whistleblower, the forensic examination of these remains may serve as crucial evidence in a case that has captured statewide attention.
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